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She best explained her job in her own words: “Early on, when they said they wanted the capsule to come down at a certain place, they were trying to compute when it should start,” Johnson said in a 2008 NASA interview. Johnson’s math enabled that choreography. The missions to send humans to space and back had to be precise and choreographed. This means that Johnson needed to calculate the entire trajectory of the flight - where it started, how fast it went, and where it would land. Were an astronaut to touch down in a desolate corner of the ocean, without any land in sight, it could presumably take days to be rescued (if rescued at all). One of the trickiest bits: the spacecraft couldn’t just land anywhere. But equally hard was getting that human to land safely back on Earth.
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In the 1960s, NASA had figured out how to launch a human being aboard a rocket into space. She figured out how to get spacecraft there. Here’s what she did, and why she’ll be remembered for a long time. As Bill Barry, NASA’s chief historian, told the Washington Post in an obituary: “If we go back to the moon, or to Mars, we’ll be using her math.”
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She was also a pioneer in that her work helped put humans in space, and returned them safely home to Earth.īefore rising to pop-culture fame with the book and movie Hidden Figures, before being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Johnson created and calculated some extremely important equations to make America’s adventures in spaceflight successful. The Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan is for both FFELP and Direct Loans.Katherine Johnson, who died Monday at age 101, was a pioneer in many ways: She was an early employee of NASA (and even worked at the agency that predated it), and an African American woman working in a field hugely dominated by white men. The Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan, Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Repayment Plan, and Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) Repayment Plan are for Direct Loans only. Each of the four plans has unique qualifications for eligibility, and will affect your regular monthly payment amount in different ways. Borrowers need to submit their income and family size annually to maintain eligibility. If you need a more affordable monthly payment amount tailored to your income, an Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) Plan could help. You may choose this plan for up to five years, after which your account will defer to either the Standard or Graduated Repayment Plan. This plan carries an annual adjustment to your minimum monthly payment based on your monthly gross income. This plan can only be used for FFELP loans. Under the Extended Repayment Plan, you may choose standard payments (equal payments over the payment term) or graduated payments (payments that increase every two years). This plan makes monthly payments more affordable, but it will take a longer amount of time to pay off the loan (up to 25 years), and you will pay more interest. Extended Repaymentĭo you have more than $30,000 in outstanding FFELP or Direct Loans? Then the Extended Repayment Plan may be for you. You will pay more interest on this plan than on the Standard Repayment Plan. Payment amounts increase every 24 months until the loan balance is paid in full. This can be a good choice for those who expect to earn more money as they advance in their careers. With this plan, payments start low and gradually increase over the years.
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However, it requires full repayment in 10 years, and you would have no loan balance left to forgive. Any payments you make under the Standard Plan plan count toward your required 120 payments. Keep in mind that your required 120 payments for PSLF should be made under an Income-Driven Repayment Plan. The Standard Plan qualifies for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). Generally, this is the most economical repayment plan. This plan spreads equal payments over your loan term. The most common repayment plan is Standard Repayment.
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